The Picoscope math channel functions may look complicated especially to new users but with little practice this can be mastered easily.
I have 4 examples to share where the math channel function allowed to carry out diagnosis and provided solid evidences supporting the correct repair process.

Case 1, Bentley Bentayga oil in intercooler
Customer complaint is noise at idle, like clicking noise repeating about once per second. The noise source is oil in the intercooler which at idle and slow air flow sets down in the intercooler and forces the air bubble via the oil. Simple hose opening and draining the oil from intercooler fixes the problem. In this test the MAF monitoring is the key. Frequency math channel interpretation is applied and reveals the Bank 2 is clogged by excessive oil level in the intercooler. The B1 is still OK even some oil was drained from B1 as well. The value of this test is very quick analysis and confirmation of the oil presence, warranty report etc.
Link to file in WFL: picoauto://rwl/search?waveformid=ba6bab6f-8fda-43f5-a87c-c3221b7f287f

Case 2, Maserati V8 engine misfire
This engine had random misfires dtc, and small vibration at idle. The reason was free play camshaft on Bank 2. Simply the cam B2 was moving forward and backward within the free play caused by can advancer or timing chain tensioner on the B2. This was clearly proven by monitoring both camshaft sensors and applying the delay or phase math channel for visual representation of discrepancy (comparing B1 with B2). Both math channels are applied in this waveform.
Engine fixed: Here both banks hydraulic chain tensioners were replaced plus the B2 camshaft phaser. The discrepancy has been significantly reduced, engine runs smoothly, no misfiring.

Case 3, Bentley Bentayga crankshaft sensor false DTC
This vehicle was stalling engine once a while. There was a DTC related to crankshaft speed sensor, the engine stalls suddenly either driving or idling. This test was successful and revealed the real problem is not with engine speed sensor.
As we see the two math channels Purple and azure, both are representing engine RPM from crankshaft signal but different scaling for better visualisation. There is a point where engine stalls, RPM suddenly drops but crank signal still intact so not a crankshaft speed sensor faulty.
5V reff. (RED) and sensor ground is also OK as well as ECU power supply. Later the wire connection to relay providing supply to injectors was found bad contact which caused the engine stall and as crankshaft signal disappeared at engine standstill while ign. ON, ECU probably analysed it as crankshaft sensor signal missing.

Case 4, Bentley New Continental Flying Spur Transmission P lock malfunction
This vehicle had DTC P17F700: Parking lock sensor Implausible signal. This could be wiring or solenoid, ECU, P lock hall sensor, or the actuator etc. This test proved the solenoid, ECU and wiring is OK and the problem is in the actuator, P lock sensor or P magnetic holder actuator.
The math channel proven the P disengage solenoid is working but unable to shift the P out of Lock position. As the repair process for fixing the P lock actuator or sensor means replacing complete gearbox, this test saved the workshop from time and parts spent and as warranty evidence. Links to Waveform Library,
Good known car P lock operation:
picoauto://rwl/search?waveformid=bb1ff901-6486-43c6-91b6-6d16a0eee6be
Faulty P lock waveform:
picoauto://rwl/search?waveformid=21ff49ac-9ef5-458d-b647-1ecbeb61e06d

All these cases are utilising Picoscope math channel function which made this possible. Thank you Pico for the development and constant improvement we users are receiving for free.

Regards,
Roman

And here is link to masterclass on this topic seating on this forum.
topic21311.html